Brightwell Aquatics

Highly-concentrated, extended activity iodide solution. Provides iodide, which is important to hermatypic corals and other invertebrates harboring zooxanthellae, macroalgae, and also to the health of fishes. Stronger than most competing products. The nature of iodide sources used makes Iodion more effective than standard iodide-solutions. Suitable for use by aquarium hobbyists of all skill and experience levels. Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials. Formulated by a marine scientist. Technical Background: Presence of iodine is vital to hermatypic invertebrates because it is used to detoxify excess oxygen produced by zooxanthellae. This oxygen irritates sensitive tissue. Corals and clams that appear to shrivel or close under intense lighting are likely attempting to shade their zooxanthellae symbionts to reduce the rate of oxygen production. Iodide essentially bonds with oxygen to form non-toxic iodate, relieving the need to shield zooxanthellae and enabling the host organism to open more fully. The predominant form of iodine in seawater is iodide. The natural seawater concentration of all iodine species combined is approximately 0.06 ppm, classifying it as a minor element. Even in this small concentration, iodine is required for survival of fishes, crustaceans, macroalgae and kelp, and hermatypic invertebrates alike. The importance of iodine in a reef aquarium cannot be overstated. Iodine binds rapidly with latent organic material and is passively removed by aggressive protein skimming and the use of organic-adsorption products such as activated carbon and specialty resins. The combined biological and chemical depletion of iodine necessitate that its concentration be monitored and the aquarium supplemented as needed. The rate at which iodine is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions. Once the rate of iodine uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory.

Highly-concentrated, extended activity iodide solution. Provides iodide, which is important to hermatypic corals and other invertebrates harboring zooxanthellae, macroalgae, and also to the health of fishes. Stronger than most competing products. The nature of iodide sources used makes Iodion more effective than standard iodide-solutions. Suitable for use by aquarium hobbyists of all skill and experience levels. Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials. Formulated by a marine scientist. Technical Background: Presence of iodine is vital to hermatypic invertebrates because it is used to detoxify excess oxygen produced by zooxanthellae. This oxygen irritates sensitive tissue. Corals and clams that appear to shrivel or close under intense lighting are likely attempting to shade their zooxanthellae symbionts to reduce the rate of oxygen production. Iodide essentially bonds with oxygen to form non-toxic iodate, relieving the need to shield zooxanthellae and enabling the host organism to open more fully. The predominant form of iodine in seawater is iodide. The natural seawater concentration of all iodine species combined is approximately 0.06 ppm, classifying it as a minor element. Even in this small concentration, iodine is required for survival of fishes, crustaceans, macroalgae and kelp, and hermatypic invertebrates alike. The importance of iodine in a reef aquarium cannot be overstated. Iodine binds rapidly with latent organic material and is passively removed by aggressive protein skimming and the use of organic-adsorption products such as activated carbon and specialty resins. The combined biological and chemical depletion of iodine necessitate that its concentration be monitored and the aquarium supplemented as needed. The rate at which iodine is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions. Once the rate of iodine uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. All Brightwell Aquatics liquid water care supplements are made with purified water and high purity materials. We develop formulae for aquaria based on empirical data, using observation and measurement rather than theory.

Extensively-researched and tested over a multi-year period, with a formulation based on current understanding of Marine Chemistry and Marine Biology as they pertain to the husbandry of all marine aquaria (e.g. reef, mixed reef, FOWLR, fish-only, mangrove, sea grass, lagoonal, brackish, etc.) Precision-formulated to replicate the natural seawater ratios of every major element, as well as all non-conservative minor and trace elements. Creates a marine environment so chemically-similar to natural seawater in all important respects that aquarium inhabitants are not likely to discern any difference between water prepared with NēoMarine and filtered natural seawater from tropical reef waters. Contains USP, ACS Reagent-grade, FCC Food grade and chemically assayed ingredients. 134 g per 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of purified water yields a specific gravity of ~1.025 g/cm3, with a pH of ~8.30 and alkalinity of ~7.5 dKH. Manufactured by Brightwell Aquatics in our production facility (not outsourced) under the strictest standards of quality. Every batch is lot numbered and sampled for quality control. Utilizes a production process that promotes particle size uniformity and a dry, homogenous salt blend. Formulated by a marine scientist; not composed of seawater evaporite.

Extensively-researched and tested over a multi-year period, with a formulation based on current understanding of Marine Chemistry and Marine Biology as they pertain to the husbandry of all marine aquaria (e.g. reef, mixed reef, FOWLR, fish-only, mangrove, sea grass, lagoonal, brackish, etc.) Precision-formulated to replicate the natural seawater ratios of every major element, as well as all non-conservative minor and trace elements. Creates a marine environment so chemically-similar to natural seawater in all important respects that aquarium inhabitants are not likely to discern any difference between water prepared with NēoMarine and filtered natural seawater from tropical reef waters. Contains USP, ACS Reagent-grade, FCC Food grade and chemically assayed ingredients. 134 g per 1 US-gallon (3.785 L) of purified water yields a specific gravity of ~1.025 g/cm3, with a pH of ~8.30 and alkalinity of ~7.5 dKH. Manufactured by Brightwell Aquatics in our production facility (not outsourced) under the strictest standards of quality. Every batch is lot numbered and sampled for quality control. Utilizes a production process that promotes particle size uniformity and a dry, homogenous salt blend. Formulated by a marine scientist; not composed of seawater evaporite.

Calcium is one of the most prevalent ions in seawater, and is required for the formation of aragonite, the skeletal material of reef-building invertebrates such as corals, clams, tube worms, and their respective allies. In seawater, calcium is present at a concentration of approximately 412 ppm; in reef aquaria, maintaining calcium within a range of 412 - 450 ppm will enable corals and other reef-building invertebrates to grow rapidly when all other physical and chemical requirements are met. [Magnesium, strontium, and carbonate ions are also complexed into aragonite, and their importance in a reef aquarium cannot be overstated.] The rate at which calcium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of calcium supplementation. Once the rate of calcium uptake in the aquarium has been determined (see opposite), the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in the reef aquarium, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build.

Calcium is one of the most prevalent ions in seawater, and is required for the formation of aragonite, the skeletal material of reef-building invertebrates such as corals, clams, tube worms, and their respective allies. In seawater, calcium is present at a concentration of approximately 412 ppm; in reef aquaria, maintaining calcium within a range of 412 - 450 ppm will enable corals and other reef-building invertebrates to grow rapidly when all other physical and chemical requirements are met. [Magnesium, strontium, and carbonate ions are also complexed into aragonite, and their importance in a reef aquarium cannot be overstated.] The rate at which calcium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of calcium supplementation. Once the rate of calcium uptake in the aquarium has been determined (see opposite), the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in the reef aquarium, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build.

Brightwell Aquatics Liquid Reef has twice the calcium relative to carbonates as compared to natural aragonite, making it a very powerful calcium source. The active components of Liquid Reef are provided by a combination of sources and include natural aragonite, increasing the solubility of the solution and the effectiveness of the method. Silicate- and phosphate-free. Examples of reef-building organisms familiar to hobbyists are: stony corals and their allies; molluscs including clams (bivalves) and snails (gastropods); tube worms that secrete calcareous burrows; and calcareous algae such as coralline, Halimeda, and Penicilus. These organisms require that the components of aragonite be in adequate concentrations if they are to thrive, regardless of how perfect the remainder of their environment is. The advantage to this method of supplementation is that one product may be used to establish and maintain water parameters conducive to reef formation. Note that target ion-specific supplementation may be called for in some aquaria, depending upon stocking density of reef-building organisms and environmental conditions within the system. Additionally, hobbyists may choose to use Liquid Reef in conjunction with other methods of calcium, strontium, magnesium, and carbonate supplementation as a means of diversifying their dosing routine. The rate at which calcium and carbonates are extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of supplementation.

Magnesium plays a vital role in reef aquaria: it helps maintain calcium and carbonate (composing the majority of measurable alkalinity) concentrations by limiting unwanted inorganic precipitation with each other. In the absence of adequate magnesium ions, calcium and carbonate ions bond rapidly, depleting their concentrations in the system and creating the false impression that heavier supplementation is required to re-establish the desired concentrations. No matter how much calcium is added, its natural seawater concentration of 412 ppm will never be sustained until the magnesium concentration begins to approach 1,290 ppm. Once the balance between calcium and magnesium has been established, subsequent calcium supplementation yields immediate positive results. Keeping magnesium within a range of 1,290-1,320 ppm will maintain the desired balance, and provides enough of the element to reef-building organisms for the formation of aragonite (~0.10% Mg by weight). The rate at which magnesium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of magnesium supplementation. Once the rate of magnesium uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in the reef aquarium, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build.

Magnesium plays a vital role in reef aquaria: it helps maintain calcium and carbonate (composing the majority of measurable alkalinity) concentrations by limiting unwanted inorganic precipitation with each other. In the absence of adequate magnesium ions, calcium and carbonate ions bond rapidly, depleting their concentrations in the system and creating the false impression that heavier supplementation is required to re-establish the desired concentrations. No matter how much calcium is added, its natural seawater concentration of 412 ppm will never be sustained until the magnesium concentration begins to approach 1,290 ppm. Once the balance between calcium and magnesium has been established, subsequent calcium supplementation yields immediate positive results. Keeping magnesium within a range of 1,290-1,320 ppm will maintain the desired balance, and provides enough of the element to reef-building organisms for the formation of aragonite (~0.10% Mg by weight). The rate at which magnesium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of magnesium supplementation. Once the rate of magnesium uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in the reef aquarium, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build.

Highly-concentrated ionic potassium solution. Provides potassium, an important component of aragonite (the mineral secreted as skeletal material by corals and other reef-building marine organisms), complexesd into pigments that enhance blue coloration of some small-polyp stony corals, important to proper neurological function, and depleted in marine aquaria by livestock. 80.000 ppm K; considerably stronger and more economical than competing potassium products. May be used to combat potassium depletion that often accompanies the use of zeolite-based filtration methods employed to maintain ultra-low-nutrient aquaria. Formulated by a marine scientist. Technical Overview: In natural seawater, potassium is a non conservative major element with a concentration slightly lower than that of calcium (~399 ppm vs. ~413 ppm, respectively). It is a component of aragonite, and regular dosing has, within the past several years, been implicated in improving the blue coloration of numerous varieties of small-polyp stony corals; the benefits of potassium supplementation are potentially two-fold, then: 1.) provision of an element that is incorporated into the skeletal material of corals and other reef-building organisms for purposes of growth, and 2.) incorporated into pigments that (presumably in the presence of adequate ionic iron) enhance blue coloration of small-polyp stony corals. The importance of potassium to marine organisms is most apparent when beginning to dose it in aquaria with depleted potassium concentrations and/or in which the sea salt mixture used is potassium-deficient in such cases, changes in the appearance of many corals may be observed within the first weeks of regular dosing. Maintaining potassium within a range of 390-410 ppm is sufficient for long-term health, growth, and coloration of corals when all other physical and chemical requirements are met. The rate at which potassium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of potassium-depleting livestock, characteristics of lighting and method(s) of filtration employed, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of potassium supplementation. Once the rate of potassium uptake in the aquarium has been determined (see opposite), the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in marine aquaria, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build.

Highly-concentrated ionic potassium solution. Provides potassium, an important component of aragonite (the mineral secreted as skeletal material by corals and other reef-building marine organisms), complexesd into pigments that enhance blue coloration of some small-polyp stony corals, important to proper neurological function, and depleted in marine aquaria by livestock. 80.000 ppm K; considerably stronger and more economical than competing potassium products. May be used to combat potassium depletion that often accompanies the use of zeolite-based filtration methods employed to maintain ultra-low-nutrient aquaria. Formulated by a marine scientist. Technical Overview: In natural seawater, potassium is a non conservative major element with a concentration slightly lower than that of calcium (~399 ppm vs. ~413 ppm, respectively). It is a component of aragonite, and regular dosing has, within the past several years, been implicated in improving the blue coloration of numerous varieties of small-polyp stony corals; the benefits of potassium supplementation are potentially two-fold, then: 1.) provision of an element that is incorporated into the skeletal material of corals and other reef-building organisms for purposes of growth, and 2.) incorporated into pigments that (presumably in the presence of adequate ionic iron) enhance blue coloration of small-polyp stony corals. The importance of potassium to marine organisms is most apparent when beginning to dose it in aquaria with depleted potassium concentrations and/or in which the sea salt mixture used is potassium-deficient in such cases, changes in the appearance of many corals may be observed within the first weeks of regular dosing. Maintaining potassium within a range of 390-410 ppm is sufficient for long-term health, growth, and coloration of corals when all other physical and chemical requirements are met. The rate at which potassium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of potassium-depleting livestock, characteristics of lighting and method(s) of filtration employed, and other biological, physical, and chemical conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of potassium supplementation. Once the rate of potassium uptake in the aquarium has been determined (see opposite), the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in marine aquaria, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build.

Magnesium plays a vital role in reef aquaria: it helps maintain calcium and carbonate (composing the majority of measurable alkalinity) concentrations by limiting unwanted inorganic precipitation with each other. In the absence of adequate magnesium ions, calcium and carbonate ions bond rapidly, depleting their concentrations in the system and creating the false impression that heavier supplementation is required to re-establish the desired concentrations. No matter how much calcium is added, its natural seawater concentration of 412 ppm will never be sustained until the magnesium concentration begins to approach 1,290 ppm. Once the balance between calcium and magnesium has been established, subsequent calcium supplementation yields immediate positive results. Keeping magnesium within a range of 1,290-1,320 ppm will maintain the desired balance, and provides enough of the element to reef-building organisms for the formation of aragonite (~0.10% Mg by weight). The rate at which magnesium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of magnesium supplementation. Once the rate of magnesium uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in the reef aquarium, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build.

Magnesium plays a vital role in reef aquaria: it helps maintain calcium and carbonate (composing the majority of measurable alkalinity) concentrations by limiting unwanted inorganic precipitation with each other. In the absence of adequate magnesium ions, calcium and carbonate ions bond rapidly, depleting their concentrations in the system and creating the false impression that heavier supplementation is required to re-establish the desired concentrations. No matter how much calcium is added, its natural seawater concentration of 412 ppm will never be sustained until the magnesium concentration begins to approach 1,290 ppm. Once the balance between calcium and magnesium has been established, subsequent calcium supplementation yields immediate positive results. Keeping magnesium within a range of 1,290-1,320 ppm will maintain the desired balance, and provides enough of the element to reef-building organisms for the formation of aragonite (~0.10% Mg by weight). The rate at which magnesium is extracted from the water is determined by the stocking density of reef-building livestock, type of lighting, and other conditions; therefore, each aquarium will have different requirements for the rate of magnesium supplementation. Once the rate of magnesium uptake in the aquarium has been determined, the proper dosing rate of this product can be easily calculated. It is recommended that a quality salt mix with the proper (not augmented) alkalinity and concentrations of major, minor, and trace elements be used to establish natural seawater parameters in the reef aquarium, providing a stable ionic foundation on which to build.

Unique complex that provides trace and minor elements in ratios found to be beneficial to cichlids and other fishes endemic to Lakes Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika. Provides minor and trace elements utilized in importantneurological and metabolic reactions, and which are incorporated into natural biopigments for coloration. Replaces minor and trace elements used by aquarium inhabitants, and which are lost through chemical filtration (use of filtration media such as resins and activated carbon). Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials. Does not significantly increase GH or KH. Formulated utilizing extensive research on the chemistry of Lakes Victoria, Malawi, andTanganyika, and cichlid trace and minor element requirements. Sizes 125ml | 250ml | 500ml | 2L | 20L Technical Background The role that trace and minor elements play with cichlids and other fishes is related to neurological and metabolic processes (in which these elements play critical roles), as well as overall coloration (trace and minor elements are often at the core of pigments known to enhance coloration); they can even impact mood and lessen aggression, and are often found to have a calming affect on cichlids known to display unwanted aggression. Note that this product is not meant to modify behavior, however it may have this impact on certain fishes. This scenario is typically welcomed by the cichlid-keeper. Dosing a trace and minor supplement with every water change performed is an effective method of delivering these substances for maximum benefit. The majority of East African cichlid species maintained by aquarium hobbyists have their origins in three lakes: Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika. Lake Victoria lies within a large but relatively shallow tectonic basin; it exhibits lower conductivity, carbonate hardness, and pH as compared to Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, likely a result of the low-salinity runoff that is the lake’s main source of water input. Lake Malawi lies within a rift, and exhibits higher conductivity, carbonate hardness, and pH than L. Victoria, but much less than those levels of L. Tanganyika; as with L. Victoria, much of the water input to L. Malawi is in the form of low-salinity runoff. It may be surprising to learn that the water chemistry of Lakes Malawi and Victoria bear a closer resemblance to one another than do Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika. Lake Tanganyika also lies within a rift valley, however appears to receive much of its’ water from saline springs and runoff from carbonate-rich lava deposits, and has the highest average conductivity, carbonate hardness, and pH of the three lakes. Wild-caught cichlids originating from these lakes may be gradually acclimated to conditions present in one of the lakes to which they are not endemic, though avid “cichlidophiles” often attempt to re-create water parameters as much as possible regardless of whether their fish are wild-caught or captive-raised.

Unique complex that provides trace and minor elements in ratios found to be beneficial to cichlids and other fishes endemic to Lakes Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika. Provides minor and trace elements utilized in importantneurological and metabolic reactions, and which are incorporated into natural biopigments for coloration. Replaces minor and trace elements used by aquarium inhabitants, and which are lost through chemical filtration (use of filtration media such as resins and activated carbon). Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity materials. Does not significantly increase GH or KH. Formulated utilizing extensive research on the chemistry of Lakes Victoria, Malawi, andTanganyika, and cichlid trace and minor element requirements. Sizes 125ml | 250ml | 500ml | 2L | 20L Technical Background The role that trace and minor elements play with cichlids and other fishes is related to neurological and metabolic processes (in which these elements play critical roles), as well as overall coloration (trace and minor elements are often at the core of pigments known to enhance coloration); they can even impact mood and lessen aggression, and are often found to have a calming affect on cichlids known to display unwanted aggression. Note that this product is not meant to modify behavior, however it may have this impact on certain fishes. This scenario is typically welcomed by the cichlid-keeper. Dosing a trace and minor supplement with every water change performed is an effective method of delivering these substances for maximum benefit. The majority of East African cichlid species maintained by aquarium hobbyists have their origins in three lakes: Victoria, Malawi, and Tanganyika. Lake Victoria lies within a large but relatively shallow tectonic basin; it exhibits lower conductivity, carbonate hardness, and pH as compared to Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika, likely a result of the low-salinity runoff that is the lake’s main source of water input. Lake Malawi lies within a rift, and exhibits higher conductivity, carbonate hardness, and pH than L. Victoria, but much less than those levels of L. Tanganyika; as with L. Victoria, much of the water input to L. Malawi is in the form of low-salinity runoff. It may be surprising to learn that the water chemistry of Lakes Malawi and Victoria bear a closer resemblance to one another than do Lakes Malawi and Tanganyika. Lake Tanganyika also lies within a rift valley, however appears to receive much of its’ water from saline springs and runoff from carbonate-rich lava deposits, and has the highest average conductivity, carbonate hardness, and pH of the three lakes. Wild-caught cichlids originating from these lakes may be gradually acclimated to conditions present in one of the lakes to which they are not endemic, though avid “cichlidophiles” often attempt to re-create water parameters as much as possible regardless of whether their fish are wild-caught or captive-raised.

Complex of free-form amino acids in the same ratios found within tissues of stony corals. Beneficial to all corals (stony and soft), as well as solitary and colonial polyps. Free-form amino acids: 1. Provide the building blocks of coral tissue in ideal ratios to encourage the formation of new tissue. 2. Encourage new tissue growth to repair damage incurred during fragmentation and propagation. 3. Encourage growth by budding and fission. 4. Encourage vibrant coloration. Formulated based on data compiled by oceanographers researching coral tissue profiles. Does not require refrigeration Technical Background Brightwell Aquatics CoralAminō is a complex that closely approximates ratios of amino acids present in many species of stony corals; the formulation is based upon extensive research conducted on tropical coral reefs by oceanographic researchers. While the ratios of amino acids present in coral tissue vary between species, general ratios are approximately maintained, enabling an effective average to be created that will benefit not only stony corals, but also soft corals, solitary, and colonial polyps (e.g. Xenia, Anthelia, Zoanthus, Discoma, Actinodiscus, etc.). The amino acids are present in their most elementary form (”free-form”) rather than being accounted for by their presence in a food or complex nutrient; in this fashion, they are readily available to corals and their allies. The main benefit of this quality is the ease in which corals can assimilate the amino acids into their tissue for the purpose of growth and tissue repair. Secondary benefits of some amino acids are their role in enhancing the coloration of corals. Corals maintained under optimal chemical and environmental conditions are able to reproduce (both sexually and asexually) more rapidly when the required nutrients are available. The presence of these free-form amino acids is particularly important to corals that have undergone, or will undergo, fragmenting or other means of propagation in which some amount of tissue is damaged.

For use by experienced, qualified professional aquarists only. Ionic, non-chelated copper solution. 1 drop per gallon of water increases free copper concentration by ~0.20 ppm. For use in fish-only aquaria. Not for use with scaleless fish. Not for use in aquaria housing live plants or invertebrates. Consult an appropriate reference source for the use of ionic copper solutions in aquaria before use

The role that trace elements and trace elements play with Discus and other fish of the same family, is related to neurological and metabolic processes (in which these elements play a critical role), are also involved in color (they are often the heart of pigments that enhance the color) Determine the product with every water change is the most effective way to make these substances obtained the maximum benefit. Discus originate in many areas of still waters of the basin of the Amazon. Especially wells, small creeks, and streams of dark waters. A low pH (5.0 + / -0.5), caused by lack of buffer molecules and a low conductivity, are the characteristics of these waters. Obtaining spessoè these conditions is the goal of beginners who come to the world of Discus. Trying to get this result will make the care of Discus more complex than it actually is. Although, up to 10 years ago, the Discus were mostly catch Discus today were born in captivity and their reproduction in the tank, are the fixed points of the fans of these fish. For this reason, the water conditions that keep the discus may be very different from those of their habitat, particularly the ease with keeping the water relatively hard and alkaline (typical conditions of the water in the U.S. and Europe, where they are reproduced most of the discus. The conditions of the rivers of Southeast Asia, from which the Discus catch, are more than a hard and alkaline water habitats ax.) is recommended to keep the discus in this range: pH 5.5 - 7.0; dGH 10 - 15; dKH 3 - 5; know the parameters of the water where your Discus have been bred (if not catch) and keep them in aquariums, is a good way to go. Many ornamental fish, as Cardinal Tetra and other Characins, Festivum and Uaru, come, expenses, from the same waters which originate Discus. DiscusCōde can be used in aquariums are home to these fish there with equal success. General Specifications: This unique complex of trace elements and trace elements, the proportions in which these elements are found in the product are ideal for the welfare of Discus and other fish that share the same areas of origin Make trace elements and trace elements used in important neurological and metabolic reactions and that are embedded in natural biopigmenti that give the color. Restore the concentration of trace elements and trace elements used by the inhabitants of the aquarium or subtracted through chemical filtration (resin or activated charcoal). Contains only osmosis water and ingredients of high purity. Does not increase significantly, GH or KH. Formulated on the basis of extensive studies on the chemistry of the waters inhabited by Discus, and also on scientific observations of their requirements of trace elements and trace elements.

The role that trace elements and trace elements play with Discus and other fish of the same family, is related to neurological and metabolic processes (in which these elements play a critical role), are also involved in color (they are often the heart of pigments that enhance the color) Determine the product with every water change is the most effective way to make these substances obtained the maximum benefit. Discus originate in many areas of still waters of the basin of the Amazon. Especially wells, small creeks, and streams of dark waters. A low pH (5.0 + / -0.5), caused by lack of buffer molecules and a low conductivity, are the characteristics of these waters. Obtaining spessoè these conditions is the goal of beginners who come to the world of Discus. Trying to get this result will make the care of Discus more complex than it actually is. Although, up to 10 years ago, the Discus were mostly catch Discus today were born in captivity and their reproduction in the tank, are the fixed points of the fans of these fish. For this reason, the water conditions that keep the discus may be very different from those of their habitat, particularly the ease with keeping the water relatively hard and alkaline (typical conditions of the water in the U.S. and Europe, where they are reproduced most of the discus. The conditions of the rivers of Southeast Asia, from which the Discus catch, are more than a hard and alkaline water habitats ax.) is recommended to keep the discus in this range: pH 5.5 - 7.0; dGH 10 - 15; dKH 3 - 5; know the parameters of the water where your Discus have been bred (if not catch) and keep them in aquariums, is a good way to go. Many ornamental fish, as Cardinal Tetra and other Characins, Festivum and Uaru, come, expenses, from the same waters which originate Discus. DiscusCōde can be used in aquariums are home to these fish there with equal success. General Specifications: This unique complex of trace elements and trace elements, the proportions in which these elements are found in the product are ideal for the welfare of Discus and other fish that share the same areas of origin Make trace elements and trace elements used in important neurological and metabolic reactions and that are embedded in natural biopigmenti that give the color. Restore the concentration of trace elements and trace elements used by the inhabitants of the aquarium or subtracted through chemical filtration (resin or activated charcoal). Contains only osmosis water and ingredients of high purity. Does not increase significantly, GH or KH. Formulated on the basis of extensive studies on the chemistry of the waters inhabited by Discus, and also on scientific observations of their requirements of trace elements and trace elements.

All-Natural, botanical extract remedy for the treatment of a broad spectrum of bacterial infections in marine fish. Treats open sores, ulcerations, body slime, redness in fins and body, cloudy eyes and tail and fin rot. Rapidly promotes the regrowth of damaged skin tissue and fin and tail loss due to disease and stress. Stimulates fish’s immune system to prevent disease and help fight off existing infections. When used as directed: Safe for all marine fish (including sharks, rays, seahorses, and eels) and marine invertebrates including delicate corals, clams, anemones, and shrimp. Will not adversely affect the biological filter as seen with traditional antibiotic usage. Does not alter water parameters. Do not overdose. Read guidelines below Technical Background The outbreak of disease within the marine aquarium can result in major fish losses if left untreated. Disease typically occurs when a fish’s immune system becomes weakened due to stress – poor water quality, poor diet, sudden changes in environment, along with injury due to shipping or fighting are sources of stress. Bacterial infections are one of the commonly encountered diseases of marine fish. Pathogenic bacteria attack the skin tissue of marine fish, quickly reproduce, and left untreated will lead to fish loss. Bacterial infections will typically present themselves as visible ulcers, open sores, cloudy or protruding eyes, tail and fin rot, mouth fungus, and redness within the fins, tail, and body of the fish. Conventionally, antibiotics have been used to treat these infections. Over time, the bacteria species have developed natural immunity to the antibiotics used to treat the infections generating poor treatment results and increased fish loss. Brightwell Aquatics Fish Recover M is an All-Natural, botanical extract not an antibiotic. Not only will Fish Recover M attack and eliminate the bacterial infection but it will also aid in the regrowth of skin tissue lost due to the disease. Early diagnosis is key followed by immediate treatment to minimize fish loss. To further aid in improving fish health, add Brightwell Aquatics Vitamarin-C, a concentrated Vitamin C supplement for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Vitamin-C is well known as a natural immune stimulator.

All-Natural, botanical extract remedy for the treatment of a broad spectrum of bacterial infections in marine fish. Treats open sores, ulcerations, body slime, redness in fins and body, cloudy eyes and tail and fin rot. Rapidly promotes the regrowth of damaged skin tissue and fin and tail loss due to disease and stress. Stimulates fish’s immune system to prevent disease and help fight off existing infections. When used as directed: Safe for all marine fish (including sharks, rays, seahorses, and eels) and marine invertebrates including delicate corals, clams, anemones, and shrimp. Will not adversely affect the biological filter as seen with traditional antibiotic usage. Does not alter water parameters. Do not overdose. Read guidelines below Technical Background The outbreak of disease within the marine aquarium can result in major fish losses if left untreated. Disease typically occurs when a fish’s immune system becomes weakened due to stress – poor water quality, poor diet, sudden changes in environment, along with injury due to shipping or fighting are sources of stress. Bacterial infections are one of the commonly encountered diseases of marine fish. Pathogenic bacteria attack the skin tissue of marine fish, quickly reproduce, and left untreated will lead to fish loss. Bacterial infections will typically present themselves as visible ulcers, open sores, cloudy or protruding eyes, tail and fin rot, mouth fungus, and redness within the fins, tail, and body of the fish. Conventionally, antibiotics have been used to treat these infections. Over time, the bacteria species have developed natural immunity to the antibiotics used to treat the infections generating poor treatment results and increased fish loss. Brightwell Aquatics Fish Recover M is an All-Natural, botanical extract not an antibiotic. Not only will Fish Recover M attack and eliminate the bacterial infection but it will also aid in the regrowth of skin tissue lost due to the disease. Early diagnosis is key followed by immediate treatment to minimize fish loss. To further aid in improving fish health, add Brightwell Aquatics Vitamarin-C, a concentrated Vitamin C supplement for all marine fish and reef aquaria. Vitamin-C is well known as a natural immune stimulator.

General Specifications: It's a concentrated source of bioavailable carbon, acts as an intermediary in the Krebs cycle Can be used as a primary source and additions of carbon (compatible with the integration of CO2). Make key elements of the Krebs cycle. Is defined as the set of biochemical reactions that are responsible for the conversion of complex organic molecules into energy in all aerobic organisms., The benefits of this supplement is a more efficient metabolism of food nutrients available for fish and plants and also a faster decomposition of organic material latent (and therefore an aquarium cleaner) Make a natural source of humic substances, which help the plants in the absorption of important minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium etc.., May also increase the availability of these substances in the aquarium. Formulated based on extensive research on the needs of nutrients for plants and studies of molecular biology. General technical information: As the name implies, FlorinAxis helps plants in a number of important functions and linkages between them. Make a stable source of carbon directly usable by plants, brings key elements of the Krebs cycle, promoting the series of biochemical reactions responsible for conversion of complex organic molecules into energy in all aerobic organisms. Provides humic substances that increase the bioavailability of cations important for the health and growth of plants (such as iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, zinc, cobalt and nickel). In short, FlorinAxis is a unique formulation, born from extensive research, which increases the growth and health of fish and plants also accelerates decomposition by aerobic bacteria, organic material latent. Floraxis can have extraordinary effects on aquariums populated by plants.

General Specifications: It's a concentrated source of bioavailable carbon, acts as an intermediary in the Krebs cycle Can be used as a primary source and additions of carbon (compatible with the integration of CO2). Make key elements of the Krebs cycle. Is defined as the set of biochemical reactions that are responsible for the conversion of complex organic molecules into energy in all aerobic organisms., The benefits of this supplement is a more efficient metabolism of food nutrients available for fish and plants and also a faster decomposition of organic material latent (and therefore an aquarium cleaner) Make a natural source of humic substances, which help the plants in the absorption of important minerals such as iron, calcium, magnesium etc.., May also increase the availability of these substances in the aquarium. Formulated based on extensive research on the needs of nutrients for plants and studies of molecular biology. General technical information: As the name implies, FlorinAxis helps plants in a number of important functions and linkages between them. Make a stable source of carbon directly usable by plants, brings key elements of the Krebs cycle, promoting the series of biochemical reactions responsible for conversion of complex organic molecules into energy in all aerobic organisms. Provides humic substances that increase the bioavailability of cations important for the health and growth of plants (such as iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, zinc, cobalt and nickel). In short, FlorinAxis is a unique formulation, born from extensive research, which increases the growth and health of fish and plants also accelerates decomposition by aerobic bacteria, organic material latent. Floraxis can have extraordinary effects on aquariums populated by plants.

Brightwell Aquatics Florin-Axis-Carbon Source for Krebs for Planted FW Aquaria 500 mL * A concentrated source of bioavailable carbon, Krebs cycle intermediates, humic and amino acids, and naturally-occurring phytohormones. * Primary or supplementary source of carbon (compatible with CO2 supplementation). * Provides key components of the Krebs cycle, the series of biochemical reactions that are ultimately responsible for converting complex organic molecules into energy in all aerobic organisms, benefits are more efficient metabolism of foods and available nutrients forfishes and plants alike, as well as enhanced decomposition of latent organic material * Provides naturally-derived sources of humic substances, which aid plants in the uptake of important nutrients such as iron, calcium, magnesium, etc., and can even increase the availability of these substances in the aquarium environment. * Formulated utilizing research on aquatic plant nutrient requirements & Molecular Biology. Sizes: 125mL | 250mL | 500mL | 2L | 20L Technical Background: * As the name implies, FlorinAxis benefits plants in a number of very important and interrelated means: it provides a stable source of carbon (derived from naturally-occurring compounds rather than from preservatives) for direct uptake by plants; it provides key components involved in the Krebs cycle, which enables all aerobic organisms in the aquarium to better utilize available nutrients; it provides humic substances that increase the bioavailability of multivalent cations (such as iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and nickel) important to plant health and growth; and it provides phytohormones, natural substances shown to increase the growth and flowering rate of aquatic plants. In essence, FlorinAxis is a unique, extensively-researched formulation that encourages increased health and growth of fishes and plants, as well as encouraging the rapid break-down of latent organic material by aerobic microbes, with the aid of well-documented principles of Biology; it can produce dramatic results in planted aquaria. * Ingredients in FlorinAxis provide the following: * Citric Acid and Citrate - Organic carbon source and a confirmed stimulator of the Krebs cycle; carbon is required for all organic compounds. * Magnesium - Krebs cycle catalyst, component of chlorophyll, required for enzyme activation. * Humic and Fulvic Acids - Promote nutrient uptake, stimulate root- and overall-growth, aid in photosynthesis, stimulate plant enzyme production. * Kelp - Provides natural phytohormones necessary for plant growth and flowering. * Protein Hydrolysate - A source of slow-release nutrients and soluble peptides and amino acids, the building blocks of plant proteins.

Brightwell Aquatics Florin-Axis-Carbon Source for Krebs for Planted FW Aquaria 500 mL * A concentrated source of bioavailable carbon, Krebs cycle intermediates, humic and amino acids, and naturally-occurring phytohormones. * Primary or supplementary source of carbon (compatible with CO2 supplementation). * Provides key components of the Krebs cycle, the series of biochemical reactions that are ultimately responsible for converting complex organic molecules into energy in all aerobic organisms, benefits are more efficient metabolism of foods and available nutrients forfishes and plants alike, as well as enhanced decomposition of latent organic material * Provides naturally-derived sources of humic substances, which aid plants in the uptake of important nutrients such as iron, calcium, magnesium, etc., and can even increase the availability of these substances in the aquarium environment. * Formulated utilizing research on aquatic plant nutrient requirements & Molecular Biology. Sizes: 125mL | 250mL | 500mL | 2L | 20L Technical Background: * As the name implies, FlorinAxis benefits plants in a number of very important and interrelated means: it provides a stable source of carbon (derived from naturally-occurring compounds rather than from preservatives) for direct uptake by plants; it provides key components involved in the Krebs cycle, which enables all aerobic organisms in the aquarium to better utilize available nutrients; it provides humic substances that increase the bioavailability of multivalent cations (such as iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and nickel) important to plant health and growth; and it provides phytohormones, natural substances shown to increase the growth and flowering rate of aquatic plants. In essence, FlorinAxis is a unique, extensively-researched formulation that encourages increased health and growth of fishes and plants, as well as encouraging the rapid break-down of latent organic material by aerobic microbes, with the aid of well-documented principles of Biology; it can produce dramatic results in planted aquaria. * Ingredients in FlorinAxis provide the following: * Citric Acid and Citrate - Organic carbon source and a confirmed stimulator of the Krebs cycle; carbon is required for all organic compounds. * Magnesium - Krebs cycle catalyst, component of chlorophyll, required for enzyme activation. * Humic and Fulvic Acids - Promote nutrient uptake, stimulate root- and overall-growth, aid in photosynthesis, stimulate plant enzyme production. * Kelp - Provides natural phytohormones necessary for plant growth and flowering. * Protein Hydrolysate - A source of slow-release nutrients and soluble peptides and amino acids, the building blocks of plant proteins.

Brightwell Aquatics Florin-Axis-Carbon Source for Krebs for Planted FW Aquaria 500 mL * A concentrated source of bioavailable carbon, Krebs cycle intermediates, humic and amino acids, and naturally-occurring phytohormones. * Primary or supplementary source of carbon (compatible with CO2 supplementation). * Provides key components of the Krebs cycle, the series of biochemical reactions that are ultimately responsible for converting complex organic molecules into energy in all aerobic organisms, benefits are more efficient metabolism of foods and available nutrients forfishes and plants alike, as well as enhanced decomposition of latent organic material * Provides naturally-derived sources of humic substances, which aid plants in the uptake of important nutrients such as iron, calcium, magnesium, etc., and can even increase the availability of these substances in the aquarium environment. * Formulated utilizing research on aquatic plant nutrient requirements & Molecular Biology. Sizes: 125mL | 250mL | 500mL | 2L | 20L Technical Background: * As the name implies, FlorinAxis benefits plants in a number of very important and interrelated means: it provides a stable source of carbon (derived from naturally-occurring compounds rather than from preservatives) for direct uptake by plants; it provides key components involved in the Krebs cycle, which enables all aerobic organisms in the aquarium to better utilize available nutrients; it provides humic substances that increase the bioavailability of multivalent cations (such as iron, calcium, magnesium, molybdenum, copper, manganese, zinc, cobalt, and nickel) important to plant health and growth; and it provides phytohormones, natural substances shown to increase the growth and flowering rate of aquatic plants. In essence, FlorinAxis is a unique, extensively-researched formulation that encourages increased health and growth of fishes and plants, as well as encouraging the rapid break-down of latent organic material by aerobic microbes, with the aid of well-documented principles of Biology; it can produce dramatic results in planted aquaria. * Ingredients in FlorinAxis provide the following: * Citric Acid and Citrate - Organic carbon source and a confirmed stimulator of the Krebs cycle; carbon is required for all organic compounds. * Magnesium - Krebs cycle catalyst, component of chlorophyll, required for enzyme activation. * Humic and Fulvic Acids - Promote nutrient uptake, stimulate root- and overall-growth, aid in photosynthesis, stimulate plant enzyme production. * Kelp - Provides natural phytohormones necessary for plant growth and flowering. * Protein Hydrolysate - A source of slow-release nutrients and soluble peptides and amino acids, the building blocks of plant proteins.

Delivers the nutritional benefits of raw garlic to fish when used as directed Consists of preserved extract of raw garlic with vitamin-C as a preservative Does not require refrigeration Made in the USA Brightwell Aquatics Garlic Power consists solely of the preserved extract of raw garlic. Garlic has long been believed by many to have medicinal properties, and clinical research is beginning to support some of the claims that have been made by garlic’s supporters. It was once thought that the active component in garlic was a compound called Allicin, which is formed by the combination of the amino acid Alliin with the enzyme Alliinase that occurs when the garlic is damaged (i. e. cut, processed, bitten, etc. ). Research has shown that allicin is unstable and has a very short life, beginning to degrade immediately after formation (a process sped up by exposure to heat; conversely, refrigeration prolongs the life of allicin, though not likely enough to ensure its presence in a garlic extract product); the result of this degradation is a number of compounds called Diallyl Sulphides. These compounds also exhibit beneficial properties, and though not as effective as allicin, their use in medical treatments, and the exact nature of the benefits provided, are the subject of ongoing research. In aquaria, the use of garlic is often associated with improving the health of fish, particularly in systems experiencing difficulty with parasites. As noted on the opposite panel, this product is not intended for use as a medication. Garlic has also been shown to motivate newly-added and/or finicky fish to feed; this is accomplished by soaking food in a small amount of garlic extract for several minutes and then feeding, and the results are often very gratifying. Note that while garlic may increase the palatability of foods, this approach should not be thought of as a means to circumvent avoiding the purchase of fish species known to have poor survival records in captivity due to their dietary requirements. Always research the dietary and environmental needs of fishes before purchasing and introducing them into an aquarium

Provides numerous elements important to the formation of various biochromes (biological pigments), complex molecules that give coloration to plant and animal cells through their selective color-absorption and -reflection characteristics. Formulated specifically to provide trace quantities of elements for gradual incorporation into, and formation of, biochromes known to occur within zooxanthellae, such as chlorophylls a and c, beta carotene, and xanthophylls. Does not influence population density of zooxanthellae, which would put the overall health and survival of the host organism in a precarious situation. Formulated by a marine scientist. For complete information, click the 'Technical' button at the top right.

Provides numerous elements important to the formation of various biochromes (biological pigments), complex molecules that give coloration to plant and animal cells through their selective color-absorption and -reflection characteristics. Formulated specifically to provide trace quantities of elements for gradual incorporation into, and formation of, biochromes known to occur within zooxanthellae, such as chlorophylls a and c, beta carotene, and xanthophylls. Does not influence population density of zooxanthellae, which would put the overall health and survival of the host organism in a precarious situation. Formulated by a marine scientist. For complete information, click the 'Technical' button at the top right.

All-natural prophylactic cleaner, dip & conditioner made from natural plant extracts and oils. Cleans new corals, live rock & empty coral fragging and holding facilities. Prevents the transfer of unwanted substances into aquarium. Assists in acclimating newly fragmented corals & washing new or damaged corals. Made in the USA. Age range description: All Life Stages

All-Natural, herbal treatment for symptoms affecting live hard and soft corals in marine aquariums. Treats a number of symptoms of coral disease such as RTN (Rapid Tissue Necrosis), STN (Slow Tissue Necrosis), White Band, Black Band, Brown Jelly and White Paste. Boosts coral immune functions and increases resistance. Stimulates regrowth of lost coral tissue that occurs due to disease, fragging and/or stress. When used as directed: Safe for all coral varieties, clams, anemones, sponges, invertebrates (including shrimp), & fish (including sharks, rays, gobies, seahorses, and eels). Also safe for calcareous and macroalgae. Will not adversely affect the biological filter as seen with antibiotic usage. Does not discolor the aquarium water or alter water parameters. Do not overdose, read Instructions below Sizes 125ml | 250ml | 500ml | 1 L | 2 L | 4 L | 20 L Technical Background Over the past several decades, there has been a tremendous increase in reports of coral disease affecting wild reefs. These same coral diseases can also have a negative impact on the home reef aquarium systems and the corals that are kept. Coral diseases can rapidly lead to significant losses of coral specimens in the reef aquarium. These diseases can affect a wide range of corals including Small polyp stony corals (SPS), Large polyp stony corals (LPS) along with soft coral. Less than optimal water quality, poor lighting, coral warfare, along with tissue damage due to handling and / or injury occurring in the aquarium can lead to sudden outbreaks of coral disease. These diseases may have a sudden impact, with specimen loss almost overnight, or may slowly progress over time. Ultimately, the presence of a coral disease in the reef aquarium will lead to coral specimen loss. It is vital that disease identification takes place, treatment implemented, and the root cause of the outbreak eliminated to prevent additional infections and spreading to other coral specimens within the aquarium. To help prevent initial outbreaks, it is recommended that corals or frags be pre-treated with Brightwell Aquatics Koral MD dip to prevent damaging hitchhikers from entering the aquarium or MediCoral dip or Frag Recover Dip to prevent bacterial transfer prior to introduction to the main aquarium. This will prepare new corals for their introduction to the display reef aquarium and minimize coral stress and potential disease outbreaks.

Complex system of non-pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic microbes, as well as natural enzymes, specifically formulated to establish biological filtration in new aquarium set-ups, and to enhance the rate of nitrification, denitrification, and organic waste degradation in marine and freshwater aquaria through complete nutrient remineralization. Supplied in a state of suspended animation for maximum longevity. Formulated utilizing extensive data compiled by microbiologists. Benefits: 1. Rapid reduction of organic carbon, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate. 2. Digestion of uneaten/undigested food, excreta, detritus, and other latent organic material, resulting in cleaner and healthier aquarium substrate. 3. Reduction of organic compounds into nutrients that encourage the growth of photosynthetic organisms. 4. Greatly-reduced hydrogen sulfide production. 5. Increase in dissolved oxygen concentration. 6. Limits availability of pre-existing phosphate to undesirable forms of algae and cyanobacteria. 7. Increased water clarity. Technical background: The concentration of dissolved and particulate organic materials in any aquatic environment can have a significant impact on the overall appearance of, as well as the health of organisms residing within, that system. Relatively low-nutrient environments are characterized by high water clarity, lack of unpleasant odors, and absence of microalgae and cyanobacteria; this is collectively a result of the lack of nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and carbon-based waste available. Aquaria that are relatively rich in available nutrients have characteristics opposite to the afore mentioned, and are typically not desirable because of the resultant appearance of the system and the difficulty of maintaining healthy aquarium inhabitants. Brightwell Aquatics Micrō Bacter7 is a selective complex of extremely effective microbes and enzymes that rapidly reduces the concentrations of organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and organic carbon in all marine and freshwater ecosystems, leading to greatly improved water quality; better water quality typically leads to healthier aquarium inhabitants. Micrō Bacter7 does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity, and maximize the shelf-life, of the product.

Complex system of non-pathogenic aerobic and anaerobic microbes, as well as natural enzymes, specifically formulated to establish biological filtration in new aquarium set-ups, and to enhance the rate of nitrification, denitrification, and organic waste degradation in marine and freshwater aquaria through complete nutrient remineralization. Supplied in a state of suspended animation for maximum longevity. Formulated utilizing extensive data compiled by microbiologists. Benefits: 1. Rapid reduction of organic carbon, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate. 2. Digestion of uneaten/undigested food, excreta, detritus, and other latent organic material, resulting in cleaner and healthier aquarium substrate. 3. Reduction of organic compounds into nutrients that encourage the growth of photosynthetic organisms. 4. Greatly-reduced hydrogen sulfide production. 5. Increase in dissolved oxygen concentration. 6. Limits availability of pre-existing phosphate to undesirable forms of algae and cyanobacteria. 7. Increased water clarity. Technical background: The concentration of dissolved and particulate organic materials in any aquatic environment can have a significant impact on the overall appearance of, as well as the health of organisms residing within, that system. Relatively low-nutrient environments are characterized by high water clarity, lack of unpleasant odors, and absence of microalgae and cyanobacteria; this is collectively a result of the lack of nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and carbon-based waste available. Aquaria that are relatively rich in available nutrients have characteristics opposite to the afore mentioned, and are typically not desirable because of the resultant appearance of the system and the difficulty of maintaining healthy aquarium inhabitants. Brightwell Aquatics Micrō Bacter7 is a selective complex of extremely effective microbes and enzymes that rapidly reduces the concentrations of organic nitrogen, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and organic carbon in all marine and freshwater ecosystems, leading to greatly improved water quality; better water quality typically leads to healthier aquarium inhabitants. Micrō Bacter7 does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity, and maximize the shelf-life, of the product.

Microbial culture & enzyme blend designed to target and clean surfaces of live rock and more Overview Complex system of non-pathogenic microbes and natural enzymes, specifically formulated to clean aquarium live rock and decorations. Best product to use to combat the "ugly stage," that time right after initial cycling when the tank is starting to season. Prevents much of the ugliness Benefits 1. Natural cleaning action on all aquarium and decoration surfaces. 2. Loosening of ugly accumulations of unwanted substances and coatings which makes their removal by scraping and vacuuming much easier. 3. Establishment of bacterial colonies that multiply and continue to clean the aquarium 4. Rapid reduction of organic carbon, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphate. 5. Digestion of uneaten/undigested food, excreta, detritus, and other latent organic material, resulting in cleaner and healthier aquarium substrate (without having to physically clean or disturb the substrate bed).

Begins to eliminate reactive phosphate immediately upon addition to aquarium. Safe for all inhabitants of reef and marine fish-only aquaria. Each ml eliminates 1 ppm phosphate in 4 US-gallons of water (250 ml treats 1,000 US-gal). Helps facilitate the removal of phosphate from aquaria during periods when dissolved organic material is abundant. May be used on an ongoing basis to help control phosphate in heavily-stocked aquaria. Over 50% stronger than most competing products. Formulated by a marine scientist. Sizes 250ml | 500ml | 2L Technical Background Phosphate, while required in miniscule amounts by living organisms for proper functioning, can indirectly negatively impact the overall appearance of an aquarium system if it is allowed to exist at a concentration measurable by most aquarium test kits (e.g. >0.05 ppm); in order for this impact to occur, other undesirable substances must be present in varying concentrations, however these substances are rarely limiting in the typical marine aquarium. Because of this, elevated phosphate concentrations, whether sporadic or chronic, should be combated. Phosphât-E enables a quick solution to elevated phosphate concentrations by binding the reactive (“free”) form of the molecule and making it unavailable for biological uptake. The resultant inert phosphate compound (a particulate) may then be permanently removed from the system via mechanical filtration and/or protein skimming. This method of treatment may be used as needed and/or on a continual basis to maintain an immeasurable phosphate concentration in a marine aquarium. While Phosphât-E provides a workable solution to potential phosphate-related problems, it should not be seen as an alternative to proper and sensible aquarium husbandry. Aquaria with extremely-low to immeasurable reactive phosphate often appear more pristine than those in which phosphate is allowed to persist in an elevated concentration. Feeding aquarium inhabitants sensibly, limiting the use of organic-based supplements and additives, use of a high-quality synthetic aquarium salt blend, and performing water changes/replacing evaporation with purified water are all important aspects of phosphate control. Additional means of limiting phosphate are maintaining a culture of macroalgae in the system to naturally deplete phosphate and other substances, and/or the use of an effective and well-maintained protein skimmer. Notes: Phosphate test kits may show a false-positive reading after aquarium has been treated; this is a result of the chemical mechanism by which phosphate test kits operate and does not indicate that the product has failed to perform its intended function. The higher the percentage of bound phosphate removed by filtration, the more accurate test kit readings will be.

Provides 6 types of phytoplankton ranging in size from1 - 30µm. Ideally-sized for many soft corals, clams, sponges, tunicates, tube worms, bryozoans, larval crustaceans, and juvenile fishes. Formulated to provide over 200-million phytoplankton cells per ml. Does not require refrigeration. Supplemented with a proprietary amino acid to aid in coloration of invertebrates. Formulated by a marine scientist

Provides 6 types of phytoplankton ranging in size from1 - 30µm. Ideally-sized for many soft corals, clams, sponges, tunicates, tube worms, bryozoans, larval crustaceans, and juvenile fishes. Formulated to provide over 200-million phytoplankton cells per ml. Does not require refrigeration. Supplemented with a proprietary amino acid to aid in coloration of invertebrates. Formulated by a marine scientist

Liquid Systemic Cleaner to Clean Surfaces of Live Rock, Decorations, and Tank Walls in Freshwater Aquarium Tanks Plant safe, systemic cleaning product specifically formulated to clean aquarium rock and decoration surfaces. Loosens accumulations of unwanted substances making clean up easier. Also prevents particles from settling on rocks and accumulating. Made in the USA.

Liquid Systemic Cleaner to Clean Surfaces of Live Rock, Decorations, and Tank Walls in Freshwater Aquarium Tanks Plant safe, systemic cleaning product specifically formulated to clean aquarium rock and decoration surfaces. Loosens accumulations of unwanted substances making clean up easier. Also prevents particles from settling on rocks and accumulating. Made in the USA.

Helps maintain a balanced nutrient-limited marine aquarium by enabling the hobbyist to enhance the rate of microbial growth and reproduction, increasing the rate of phosphate-reduction and denitrification; this is of particular benefit in heavily-stocked, well-fed reef aquaria. Replaces “vodka method” of microbial activity-enhancement with a completely safe and biologically-sound, non-flammable alternative to using vodka or ethanol. Indirectly benefits corals and other suspension-feeding invertebrates by encouraging reproduction of bacterioplankton (an important food source for suspension-feeding invertebrates). Encourages polyp-expansion in all corals. May be used to help expedite biological filtration in new set-ups. Technical Background The concept of biological filtration is simply to utilize living organisms to remove substances from aquatic systems as a natural result of their respiration and metabolic processes. This mode of filtration is at work in any aquarium system housing live organisms, though microbes (e.g. various types of bacteria) are arguably responsible for the majority of nutrient-remineralization that takes place; oceanographic studies have shown that up to 90% of the dissolved organic carbon present in seawater may be assimilated by planktonic bacteria (bacterioplankton) into new biomass. This nutrient assimilation simultaneously removes nitrogen (as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) and phosphorus (as phosphate) from the water, making bacterioplankton a very effective sink of dissolved organic material that would otherwise fuel the growth of organisms such as cyanobacteria and filamentous algae in aquaria. Bacterioplankton are also an important food source for organisms that are able to capture them from the water column. In a sense, utilizing these microbes to control dissolved organic material and then gradually removing the microbes themselves on a continuous basis through protein skimming and the feeding activities of corals, clams, tube worms, tunicates, sponges, and their respective allies, becomes an effective means of nutrient-harvest. Simultaneously, it promotes the health of these suspension-feeding organisms through constant feeding (encouraging polyp-expansion in many types of corals), and promotes water quality. The entire process requires that adequate carbon be present in a usable form. In aquaria with a tendency towards elevated phosphate and nitrate concentrations, an appropriate source of carbon may quickly become depleted. Reef BioFuel provides a source of bioavailable carbon to ensure that nutrient remineralization is efficient and effective.

Helps maintain a balanced nutrient-limited marine aquarium by enabling the hobbyist to enhance the rate of microbial growth and reproduction, increasing the rate of phosphate-reduction and denitrification; this is of particular benefit in heavily-stocked, well-fed reef aquaria. Replaces “vodka method” of microbial activity-enhancement with a completely safe and biologically-sound, non-flammable alternative to using vodka or ethanol. Indirectly benefits corals and other suspension-feeding invertebrates by encouraging reproduction of bacterioplankton (an important food source for suspension-feeding invertebrates). Encourages polyp-expansion in all corals. May be used to help expedite biological filtration in new set-ups. Technical Background The concept of biological filtration is simply to utilize living organisms to remove substances from aquatic systems as a natural result of their respiration and metabolic processes. This mode of filtration is at work in any aquarium system housing live organisms, though microbes (e.g. various types of bacteria) are arguably responsible for the majority of nutrient-remineralization that takes place; oceanographic studies have shown that up to 90% of the dissolved organic carbon present in seawater may be assimilated by planktonic bacteria (bacterioplankton) into new biomass. This nutrient assimilation simultaneously removes nitrogen (as ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate) and phosphorus (as phosphate) from the water, making bacterioplankton a very effective sink of dissolved organic material that would otherwise fuel the growth of organisms such as cyanobacteria and filamentous algae in aquaria. Bacterioplankton are also an important food source for organisms that are able to capture them from the water column. In a sense, utilizing these microbes to control dissolved organic material and then gradually removing the microbes themselves on a continuous basis through protein skimming and the feeding activities of corals, clams, tube worms, tunicates, sponges, and their respective allies, becomes an effective means of nutrient-harvest. Simultaneously, it promotes the health of these suspension-feeding organisms through constant feeding (encouraging polyp-expansion in many types of corals), and promotes water quality. The entire process requires that adequate carbon be present in a usable form. In aquaria with a tendency towards elevated phosphate and nitrate concentrations, an appropriate source of carbon may quickly become depleted. Reef BioFuel provides a source of bioavailable carbon to ensure that nutrient remineralization is efficient and effective.

Encourages health, growth, reproduction, and vibrant coloration. Provides important nutrients to corals and their allies during periods of stress induced by changes in lighting and/or prolonged exposure to excessive water temperature (often resulting in bleaching). Aids in tissue repair after corals have undergone fragmenting and captive propagation. Does not require refrigeration. Formulated by a marine scientist. Technical Background: Brightwell Aquatics Restōr is a complex of amino acids and fatty acids derived from marine fishes and crustaceans; it is a strong source of EPA, DHA, and other omega-3 fatty acids, as well as naturally-occuring pigments. Restōr was specifically formulated for the care of corals and their allies that: have been recently placed into a new aquarium and are adjusting to new lighting; have recently been exposed to prolonged elevated temperatures (inducing expulsion of symbiotic zooxanthellae, known as "bleaching"); have suffered tissue damage either through fragmenting or propagation, or through the unwanted grazing activities of aquarium inhabitants. Research has shown that during bleaching events, some corals obtain the majority of their nutrients through capture of prey rather than by relying on zooxanthellae, until such time as the zooxanthellae have become adjusted to the change in lighting or re-established in the coral tissue. While the contents of Restōr will not directly reverse coral bleaching, they will effectively provide nutrients required by the coral to potentially survive the period of time during which zooxanthellae are recovering or being reacquired; no express claims are made that corals who have suffered bleaching will recover when using this product, however it has generally been observed that corals obtaining the required nutrition (by actively feeding) during such an event have a higher rate of recovery. Using Restōr to fortify plankton of the proper size range for the target organism(s) is an extremely effective means of providing those important substances. Restōr does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins. Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product.

Encourages health, growth, reproduction, and vibrant coloration. Provides important nutrients to corals and their allies during periods of stress induced by changes in lighting and/or prolonged exposure to excessive water temperature (often resulting in bleaching). Aids in tissue repair after corals have undergone fragmenting and captive propagation. Does not require refrigeration. Formulated by a marine scientist. Technical Background: Brightwell Aquatics Restōr is a complex of amino acids and fatty acids derived from marine fishes and crustaceans; it is a strong source of EPA, DHA, and other omega-3 fatty acids, as well as naturally-occuring pigments. Restōr was specifically formulated for the care of corals and their allies that: have been recently placed into a new aquarium and are adjusting to new lighting; have recently been exposed to prolonged elevated temperatures (inducing expulsion of symbiotic zooxanthellae, known as "bleaching"); have suffered tissue damage either through fragmenting or propagation, or through the unwanted grazing activities of aquarium inhabitants. Research has shown that during bleaching events, some corals obtain the majority of their nutrients through capture of prey rather than by relying on zooxanthellae, until such time as the zooxanthellae have become adjusted to the change in lighting or re-established in the coral tissue. While the contents of Restōr will not directly reverse coral bleaching, they will effectively provide nutrients required by the coral to potentially survive the period of time during which zooxanthellae are recovering or being reacquired; no express claims are made that corals who have suffered bleaching will recover when using this product, however it has generally been observed that corals obtaining the required nutrition (by actively feeding) during such an event have a higher rate of recovery. Using Restōr to fortify plankton of the proper size range for the target organism(s) is an extremely effective means of providing those important substances. Restōr does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins. Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product.

Highly-concentrated vitamin-C solution. Buffered; will not impact pH when used as directed. Stronger than competing products. Vitamin-C is associated with improved tissue growth and with aiding the immune system. Intended to provide benefits to all aquarium inhabitants. Well-suited to use in coral propagation. Requires no refrigeration. Composed of purified water and ultra-high purity ingredients. Formulated by a marine scientist. Technical Background: The benefits of vitamin-C to aquatic organisms are largely related to improved tissue growth, particularly after recently-sustained injury or illness. Corals and their allies, in particular, have been observed to benefit tremendously from regular controlled dosage of vitamin-C by increasing their rate of soft tissue growth; this aspect is of particular interest to hobbyists and researchers involved with coral propagation, in which coral tissue is damaged during the process of splitting colonies and/or individual polyps. Grow-out systems regularly dosed with vitamin-C also tend to have improved growth rates when compared to control systems with identical environmental conditions. These benefits are believed to be a result of the positive impact that vitamin-C has on the immune system; this benefit translates to fishes as well as to the remainder of invertebrates maintained in marine aquaria. Vitamins are compounds required in minute concentrations for vital metabolic reactions; the amounts of vitamins required for a given species varies. Short-term vitamin deficiencies can typically be tolerated by most organisms, however long-term deficiencies tend to result in abnormalities, poor health, and eventually even death of the specimen. Conversely, if severely overdosed, ingested vitamins can have a negative impact on a specimen by way of toxicity, though the impact is unlikely to be permanent. Decreasing the vitamin dosage typically results in full recovery of the affected specimen. For these reasons, it is recommended that Vītamarin-C be utilized either as a means of delivering vitamins to aquarium inhabitants through food or by direct addition to the water, but not both except as noted on opposite panel when using with organisms that have sustained tissue damage. Vītamarin-C does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins. Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product.

Provides zooplankton and fully-digestible, unhatched eggs ranging in size from 50 - 300µm. Ideally-sized for many stony corals, clams, sponges, tunicates, tube worms, larval crustaceans, juvenile fishes, and adult planktivorous and microinvertebrate-predatory fishes. Formulated to provide over four-thousand prey per ml. Does not require refrigeration. Supplemented with a proprietary amino acid to aid incoloration of invertebrates and fishes. Formulated by a marine scientist.. Technical Background: Brightwell Aquatics Zooplanktōs-S is a concentrated suspension of phytoplankton-enriched, adult Brachionus sp. (rotifers), their eggs, and the eggs of another group of crustaceans; the result is a food source rich in amino acids, fatty acids including omega-3 HUFAs, vitamins, minerals, and carotenoid pigments giving them a natural, bright yellow appearance. These prey items fall within the microplankton (20.0 - 200.0µm) and mesoplankton (200.0 - 2,000.0µm) classes of plankton. They are the proper size for feeding many species of stony corals (particularly those with short tentacles), as well as clams and other bivalves, sponges, tunicates (sea squirts), plumed worms (Christmas tree worms, feather dusters, etc.), larval crustaceans and bivalves, juvenile fishes, and the adults of planktivorous fishes (such as anthias, basslets, psuedochromids, dartfishes, chromis, etc.) and microinvertebrate-predators (such as mandarinfishes, some gobies, dwarf wrasses, etc.). Though Zooplanktōs-S provides a number of amino acids, one that is not naturally present has been added; this proprietary amino acid has been shown in studies to increase coloration of corals and other marine invertebrates. Additionally, a small percentage of vitamin-C is present to increase the benefits of Zooplanktōs-S, particularly to corals and their allies that have recently undergone fragmenting or propagation. Zooplanktōs-S may be used in conjunction with other planktonic suspensions to provide a complete range of sizes to filter-feeding and planktivorous organisms. Zooplanktōs-S does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins. Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product.

Provides zooplankton and fully-digestible, unhatched eggs ranging in size from 50 - 300µm. Ideally-sized for many stony corals, clams, sponges, tunicates, tube worms, larval crustaceans, juvenile fishes, and adult planktivorous and microinvertebrate-predatory fishes. Formulated to provide over four-thousand prey per ml. Does not require refrigeration. Supplemented with a proprietary amino acid to aid incoloration of invertebrates and fishes. Formulated by a marine scientist.. Technical Background: Brightwell Aquatics Zooplanktōs-S is a concentrated suspension of phytoplankton-enriched, adult Brachionus sp. (rotifers), their eggs, and the eggs of another group of crustaceans; the result is a food source rich in amino acids, fatty acids including omega-3 HUFAs, vitamins, minerals, and carotenoid pigments giving them a natural, bright yellow appearance. These prey items fall within the microplankton (20.0 - 200.0µm) and mesoplankton (200.0 - 2,000.0µm) classes of plankton. They are the proper size for feeding many species of stony corals (particularly those with short tentacles), as well as clams and other bivalves, sponges, tunicates (sea squirts), plumed worms (Christmas tree worms, feather dusters, etc.), larval crustaceans and bivalves, juvenile fishes, and the adults of planktivorous fishes (such as anthias, basslets, psuedochromids, dartfishes, chromis, etc.) and microinvertebrate-predators (such as mandarinfishes, some gobies, dwarf wrasses, etc.). Though Zooplanktōs-S provides a number of amino acids, one that is not naturally present has been added; this proprietary amino acid has been shown in studies to increase coloration of corals and other marine invertebrates. Additionally, a small percentage of vitamin-C is present to increase the benefits of Zooplanktōs-S, particularly to corals and their allies that have recently undergone fragmenting or propagation. Zooplanktōs-S may be used in conjunction with other planktonic suspensions to provide a complete range of sizes to filter-feeding and planktivorous organisms. Zooplanktōs-S does not require refrigeration, however storage in a cool, shaded area will prolong the activity of the vitamins. Refrigeration will maximize the shelf-life of the product.